Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Processes and Components of a Studio Recording
Processes and Components of a Studio Recording Introduction In order to create to record any form of music, it is important to understand step by step how to get from the planning, and playing of a track, to the end result of a completed recording. In contemporary music production, it is much easier than ever to make your own studio recording, though there options to be considered when setting out to record contemporary audio, its important to know what you would like to create, in order to find the most suitable hardware. By the end of this guide, you should be armed more with knowledge on the following topics. Microphones: The Ins and Outs Polar Patterns The Mixing Desk Microphones: The Ins and Outs Microphones record an audio signal using sound pressure, which generates an electrically charged signal, this signal is then converted into digital so that it can be interpreted by a computer, a process known as Analogue to Digital Conversion (ADC), which is then converted into sound that can playback through the speakers of your computer using Digital to Analogue Conversion (DAC). Examples of Microphones Condenser microphones store energy in the form of an electrostatic field, which uses a capacitor to convert analogue energy, and stores it as digital energy (capacitance). In the image below, you can see the cross section of the inside of a condenser mic. On the front we have two plates, the front plate (or diaphragm) and the back plate. The diaphragm vibrates in response to sound waves, changing the distance between the two plates. The closer the diaphragm is to the back plate, the higher the capacitance, creating a charge which is passed through and amplified. Due to the diaphragm, condenser mics are more sensitive to higher frequencies. Known to be great for recording vocals. Dynamic microphones are an all-round choice suited for most purposes. Simple in structure, and resilient to rough treatment and for handling high levels of volume. A charge is generated via kinetic movement between the coil and magnet. Â Â Â What are the key differences between these two microphones? Condenser microphones tend to be more sensitive, better at recording high frequencies, whereas dynamic microphones not normally have the same flat frequency response, and tend to be purpose made for certain applications. Condenser microphones generate electrical output around changing the capacitance of the transducer, whereas dynamic mics use a coil in a magnetic field Dynamic mics are durable and cheaper, condenser mics tend to be more expensive, much less durable. Polar Patterns A microphones polar pattern is the space surrounding the outside of the microphone that picks up audio. Some microphones have several in one mic, one such example being Blue Microphones Yeti . The polar pattern can determine the feel, ambience, and colour of the recorded audio. The most common microphone pattern is the cardioid mic. These typically have a 120 degree range to pick up audio. Good for speech for podcasts with a rich, full-bodied sound. Cardioid mics are good for rejecting sounds from other sources/directions. Similar to the cardioid microphone, the Hypercardioid has a tight pick-up range of 100 degrees, they are better at rejecting sounds from the sides, though pick-up a little bit of sound from the rear. Due to the design of these microphones, feedback is reduced, making them a good choice for recording quieter vocalists. Figure of Eight (or bi-directional) microphone. These are used to record a more natural sound quality, product of it having pick-up from both the front and rear, rejecting audio from the sides. It doesnt respond to sound pressure, only the change in pressure between the front and back. A common use for bi-direction mics is for interviewing, or for radio. The Mixing Desk The mixing desk is a device for combining several sound source, while being able to interact with them individually. A mixers main task is to mix down several tracks into a stereo track, combining sound from several sources to produce an acceptable balance and quality track. On the back of the desk, we have the inputs, where you would connect your microphone. Microphones connect to the desk using an XLR cable, if you are using an external sound card you might be more likely to use a line-in port. In order for sound to be stored onto a computer, that analogue energy generated from a microphone needs to be converted into digital using an ADC such as an audio adapter, or sound card, then converted back to analogue using DAC via a sound card for example, which then plays back through the speakers, allowing you to hear changes made via the mixing desk, and hear that in real time. A pre-amp may also be used to boost the signal strength without degrading the quality to noise (hissing) ratio much. Channel inputs receive this audio, which is manipulated via the desk, or DAW. The channel faders are used to change audio levels, mute cuts the audio from being received from a channel, pan changes how far to the left, or right a channels output audio plays back, there is also equalisation (EQ), which involves diminishing and boosting certain frequencies. There are many other ways to manipulate audio, though whats important is that you understand how audio is recorded, and the components involved. Conclusion Now that we have gone into detail about various microphones, features and how to connect that up to record audio, you should be armed with a better understanding what to look for when planning your first music production project. Please look into the sources below as well for further insight. Sources: Â Â http://shure.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/742/~/difference-between-a-dynamic-and-condenser-microphone http://www.dawsons.co.uk/blog/the-mixer-and-its-feature http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/microphones/condenser.html http://blog.shure.com/multi-pattern-microphones-what-where-and-how/ http://ehomerecordingstudio.com/how-to-record-a-song/ http://www.bluemic.com/products/yeti/
Monday, January 20, 2020
job description :: essays research papers
Medical Bookkeeper Reports to:                          Department: Classification:                         Division: Date:                               Approved: JOB FUNCTION: This bookkeeper position is responsible for pricing of surgeries and other services provided by the physicians and also for telephone collections and patient inquiries. ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS: 1.     Pricing: a.     Obtains chart from secretary. b.     Reads the operative report, applies appropriate fee schedule, posts to the batch, secures physician approval of any changes, follows through on the necessary changes, and posts into the system. c.     Prepares a monthly written report of the physicians' totals. d.     Educates new physicians to the Clinic pricing system. e.     Prices new surgeries by comparing with fees from other clinics. f.     Provides an estimate of surgery charges to patients. g.     Enters new patient accounts on computer. h.     Posts all daily charges. i.     Creates and maintains up-to-date procedural manuals for each physician as these procedures affect and are affected by this position. 2.     Collections: a.     Performs all collection functions for the Clinic, including working with the insurance companies and the patients. b.     Turns over collectables to the collection agency with the approval of the physicians and the Business Manager. c.     Checks with attorneys on the status of legal patients every three months. d.     Calls patients and insurance companies for collections. e.     Inquires monthly about the 90-day-and-older accounts from the computer. f.     Obtains the necessary statements from the computer and performs write-offs. g.     Locates patients who have moved. 3.     Patient Inquiries/Patient Relations: a.     Locates charts and X rays. Copies them and sends them to other orthopedic physicians as requested. b.     Updates patients' personal data. c.     Occasionally enters an insurance number for a new patient when it is phoned in. d.     Requests itemized statements through the computer daily in response to patient requests. e.     With regard to cycle billings, assists the Bookkeeper–Computer in disassembling and preparing them for mailing three times a month. f.     Receives telephone calls from patients inquiring about their accounts. 4.     Other Duties: a.     Opens mail, posts payments, and balances. b.     Handles miscellaneous mail, such as insurance rejections, statements for patients, etc. c.     Helps Bookkeeper–Computer balance at the end of the month and assists in finding errors. ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES: 1.     Functions as a backup for the Bookkeeper–Computer. 2.     Performs other duties as required and assigned by the Business Manager. Challenges Unique to this Position: The fee practices of each of the physicians and the interpretation of charges differ to some degree, and this bookkeeper must be able to recognize possible areas of difficulty and take appropriate steps.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
MV Tampa
The incident in the MV Tampa refugee situation was a clear international concern. The actions undertaken by the Australian government seemed to be at a critical standpoint since it did not oblige with the international ruling agreements when it comes to refugees and ships in distress. It was very obvious that the MV Tampa was not at a very good condition to further reconstruct its mission to safely manage the refugees. But looking at the principles implemented by Australia may provide another perspective. In terms of the UDHR’s principal accord to provide universal human rights directives, it is still very possible to let it constitute rules that can be followed by the international community. However, depending on the situation and the decision of the government involved in a case, these rulings may be voided if the sovereignty of the nation is compromised. This clearly was the concern for Australia as it evaluated the refugees in the MV Tampa to be at a level of threat especially in concerns like overloading, sanitation, health issues and possible other secondary intentions like human trafficking and smuggling. With respect to Australia, it may be more important for the nation to consider its citizen’s human rights than those of the refugees. Of course, not everyone, especially those in the Human Rights paradigm will accept this. But the mere fact that the international community is hounded by nightmares of terrorist acts, severe health pandemic concerns and political dilemmas could just be good grounds for Australia to first protect its citizens than any one else in the world. The issues of the MV Tampa have lead to some extent of negative impression in the international community. Some global entities are not truly happy with how the government handled the situation denouncing that it violated the main aspect of universal human rights especially in a case when the victims are in distress. Of course, there are two forms of legal relevance for such a concern on the part of Australia, the domestic and the international law. However, it cannot be denied that Australia needs to first attend to its domestic directives before it can manage to comply with the international rulings (Kampmark, 2002). References Kampmark, B. 2002. Was it legal? The Howard Government’s handling of MV Tampa. The National Forum. Retrieved April 4, 2008 from http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=1588.
Friday, January 3, 2020
A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner - 1277 Words
Miss Emily Grierson, the main character in the strange short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†written by William Faulkner. It would be best to examine her in a mental capacity as well as the circumstances that may affect her. Throughout the story, Miss Emily’s unpredictable and eccentric behavior becomes unusual, and the reader, like the townspeople in the story, is left to speculate how Miss Emily has spent years living and sleeping with the body of Homer Barron. An important quote from the story was that the townspeople â€Å"did not say she was crazy†at first (Faulkner 159), and even so, she was never diagnosed nor received treatment by a psychiatric professional. The reader can go back through the history and point out occasions in which Miss Emily’s mentality and actions suggested the probability of a mental illness. This knowledge can support the claim that Miss Emily suffered from schizophrenia as defined by the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-IV criteria (American Psychiatric Association 159). It is realistic to suggest that Miss Emily developed this mental illness as a response to the challenging conditions as a Southern woman from a high-class family. When attempting to diagnose a mental illness, one of the important factors that a doctor examines is the patient’s prior history. In the situation of Miss Emily, an evaluation of the setting and other characters in the story, as well as an evaluation of some of the themes in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†and especially eventsShow MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner923 Words  | 4 PagesA Rose for Emily; A Tale of The Old South William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 but lived most of his life in Oxford, a small town nearby. After dropping out of high school then briefly joining the Canadian Air Force, he returned home and completed three terms at the University of Mississippi (Fulton 27). During his early twenties Faulkner spent time in New Orleans and Europe before returning to Oxford and publishing his first book of poems. In 1929 he married Estelle FranklinRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1729 Words  | 7 PagesJune 24, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily†In every neighborhood there is always that one house that is a mystery to everyone. A house that everyone wants to know about, but nobody can seem to be able to dig up any answers. It’s the type of place that you would take any opportunity or excuse to get to explore. The littler that is known, the more the curiosity increases about this mysterious place or person. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†by William Faulkner, this mysterious person is Emily Grierson, andRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner949 Words  | 4 PagesIn William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily†it is clear how Emily’s gender affects how the individuals in the town perceive her. Emily’s gender particularly affects how men understand her. Throughout the whole piece Emily is seen as a helpless individual who is lonely and has suffered losses throughout her life. When the reader reaches the end of the story the actions that Emily has taken is unexpected because of the way she is perceived by the narrator. In the beginning of the story, when the wholeRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1577 Words  | 7 Pagesâ€Å"A Sarah Markins Dr. Bibby ENG 107 February 11, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily†by William Faulkner â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner in 1931, follows a series of peculiar events in Miss Emily Griersons life. Written in third person limited, Faulkner utilizes flashbacks to tell of the period between the death of Emily’s father and her own passing. Split into five short sections, the story starts out with the townspeople of Jefferson remembering Emily’s legacy and how each new generation ofRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1552 Words  | 7 PagesRyan Dunn Mrs. Williams English 11 March 11, 2016 In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†by William Faulkner, the reader is given a glimpse of the internal conflict of the main character, living in the past, and the involvement of an over involved society causing the reader to look into the consciousness of an individual haunted by a past and lack of a future. The story is set in a post-Civil War town in the South. He is able to give the reader a glimpse of the practices and attitudes that had unitedRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1507 Words  | 7 Pages1897, William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi. He stands as one of the most preeminent American writers of the twentieth century. His literary reputation included poetry, novels, short stories, and screenplays. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction and the Nobel Prize in Literature. â€Å"A Rose for Emily†is a short fascinating story written by William Faulkner and it was his first short story published in a national m agazine. The story involved an old woman named Emily GriersonRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner883 Words  | 4 PagesIn the timeless classic, â€Å"A rose for Emily†by William Faulkner we are introduced to Emily Grierson, a matured sheltered southern woman; born to a proud, aristocratic family presumably during the American Civil War. Through out the short story William Faulkner uses many literary devices such as symbolism, metaphors and allegory to play with â€Å"time†and how time reflects upon his main character Emily Grierson. Emily being one who denies the ability to see time for what it is linear and unchangeableRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1270 Words  | 6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†thoroughly examines the life of a strange woman name Emily Grierson who lives in the town of Jefferson. If we examine â€Å"A Rose for Emily†in terms of formalist criticism, we see that the story dramatizes through setting, plot, characterization, and symbolism on how Miss Emily’s life is controlled by a possessive love she had for her father and lover. William Faulkner uses Emily’s life as the protagonist to examine from a formalist aspect. In orderRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1780 Words  | 8 PagesIn 1930, William Faulkner wrote a five-part story entitled â€Å"A Rose for Emily†that follows the life of a young woman named Miss Emily Grierson. Faulkner sets his story in the Old South, soon after the ending of America’s Civil War, and represents the decaying values of the Confederacy (Kirszner Mandell, 2013a, p. 244). One of these values which the text portrays quite often in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, is the patriarchal custom of society viewing men as having more importance than their female counterpartsRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner931 Words  | 4 PagesShort Stories A Rose for Emily is a short story written by William Faulkner. This story takes place in Faulkner s fictional city, Jefferson, Mississippi, in Yoknapatawpha County. Young Goodman Brown is a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This story takes place during the 17th century and discusses the Puritan belief that all of humanity exists in a state of corruption, except those who are fortunately born into a state of grace. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,†Emily’s house is a commemoration
Thursday, December 26, 2019
Graduation Speech At Utah Valley University - 873 Words
Ever since I could remember my parents told me that college was key to being successful in life, if you didn t attend a good college your life was most likely not going to be a very happy one. This message stay throughout my life , education was of great importance and college was the key factor of where you ended up in life. High school counselors, teachers, parents, and mentors all emphasized that the better the college you attend the more opportunities you ll have. Being a high school senior and having to think seriously about the future now, I applied for many schools and landed at Utah Valley University, a great feeder school for Brigham Young University. I attended Utah Valley University for 1 semester and I really enjoyed many aspects of going to a university but decided to go back home to orange county and attend a community college instead, Coastline Community College. I have so far been enrolled at coastline for about a month and can see the likenesses and the differences b etween the university life and the community college life. I can see no college is alike, and that doesn t mean one college is better than another. It took transferring to a community college to see that not even a university is better than a community college. Utah Valley University and Coastline Community College, weren t the same type of school but actually had quite a bit of similarities. 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Based upon the research and writings of a number of scholars, including David Ulrich of the University of Michigan, the importance of HR being a strategic business partner has been stressed.16 This emphasis has several facets to it. Enhancing Organizational Performance Organizational performance can be seen in how effectively the products orRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words  | 960 PagesSystems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Data Governance at InsuraCorp CASE STUDY I-6 H.H. 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Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
DISCUSS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CARE MANAGEMENT PROCESS...
The last 50 years has seen a major shift in how care is delivered to service users particularly those who suffer with Mental Illness. It was as recent as the 1960’s the concept of community care as opposed to institutionalisation was first considered and asylums began closing. Strains on resources and works such as those documented by Goffman and referred to by Miller 1996highlighted how institutions didn’t aid services users back to health but made them dependent on the system and incapable of making own choices and forming external relationships mostly due to exclusion from being able to. Tory views in the 70s and 80s pushed the ideas the community’s The Griffiths report 1988 as cited by (Miller, Community Care, 1996) outlined the†¦show more content†¦Smale 93 (OByrne, 2009) identified 3 models of assessment, questioning, procedural and exchange. Whilst the exchange is the ideal model by which to fulfil the aims of the NHSCCA 1990 documents don’t always allow for that and focus tends to be on weaknesses of individuals or medial needs as opposed to strengths. Mental illness is such a complex issue and something that can fluctuate quickly depending on circumstances. This reason alone makes determining mental capacity and assessment process very difficult. The government aimed for fair access to care as set out in their national framework. Eligibility criteria, for adult social care is split into 4 bands, low, moderate, substantial and critical. It is up to local authorities to decide what eligible bands they will provide funding for. Durham County Council for example will provide care to substantial and critical bands. Whilst this is directing resources to those most at need is it in fact just delaying help to those in lower bandings which without early intervention and assistance needs become substantial or critical? Users assessed to be in lower band needs will be signposted towards services for help but would they follow that up of their own accord? The Centre For Social Justice report Completing the Revolution Transforming mental health and tackling poverty 2011 chaired by Dr Samantha Callan suggets that ‘The move out of theShow MoreRelatedEffective Management Essay (Master of Nursing)2950 Words  | 12 Pagesessay will discuss current literature on clinical case management in mental health in the Australian context. The terms relating to case management will be defined and explained. The essay will discuss and describe case management models and social models in mental health. In this essay my own clinical experience in case management will be highlighted. The issues of efficacy and effectiveness in clinical case management will also be addressed. The essay will identify and outline the groups that benefitRead MorePersonal Development Plan7544 Words  | 31 Pagesdevelopment needed and will address these through Personal Development Planning. The rationale for doing this assignment is to enhance my professional development by undertaking an annotated reflective report. In this assignment I will focus and discuss my chosen theme which is Multi-disciplinary team working (MDT). This will mention roles within the MDT, skills for effective MDT working and responsibilities within the MDT. When focussing on my chosen theme within the Professional Development 2Read MoreUnit 5001 Personal Development as a Manager and Leader Essay10584 Words  | 43 Pagesobjectives are met through individuals’ actions. The organisational aims and objectives are set out each year in the Kent Adult Social Services Annual Business Plan (Appendix 1), this then informs the South West Kent business plan (Appendix 2) These show the direction the business is heading what it wants to achieve in the forthcoming year. This linking from one document to another is known as The Golden Thread or line of sight. Using these documents it is clear to see if the personnel in place haveRead MoreManagement of Health Care Data and Information2511 Words  | 10 Pages1. The healthcar e industry has generated large volumes of data for much of its history. In spite of the large volumes of data associated with the delivery of healthcare, it is often pointed to as a lagging industry with regards to information management. Describe the current maturity state of information management in the healthcare industry. Specifically, consider the following: a. Explain the difference, if any, in healthcare data and healthcare information. 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The author will do this by exploring what stakeholder engagement is and how it is being used in the healthcare arena to improve care quality and patient experience. The author’s critical analysis will discuss the relationship between organisational values, stakeholder engagement and the delivery of quality patientRead MoreSafeguarding in Health and Social Care Essay5516 Words  | 23 PagesSafeguarding in Health and Social Care Under the Health and Social Care Act (2008), abuse is defined as: â€Å"Single or repeated act or lack of appropriate action occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress including physical, emotional, verbal, financial, sexual, racial abuse, neglect and abuse through misapplication of drugs.†Abuse can happen to anyone, anywhere, at any time. However, it is so alarming that more and more elderlyRead MoreUnitedhealth Group6099 Words  | 25 Pages UnitedHealth Group Name of Student Institutional Affiliations UnitedHealth Group The UnitedHealth Group is a company that offers diversified health care management services. It is based in Minnesota in the United States of America. It is located at Minnetonka (UnitedHealth Group, 1974). It is ranked the 14th on the Fortune 500 List of the best companies and business enterprises in the world. UnitedHealth Group has two companies that offer their services and products to the consumers. The two businessRead More Monitoring Patients Through Telehealth Essay1869 Words  | 8 Pagesand health care professionals at hospitals or clinics to assist with diagnosis and treatment. As our society ages and health care costs increase, government and private insurance payers are seeking technological interventions. Technological solutions may provide high quality healthcare services at a distance, utilize professional resources more effectively, and enable elderly and ill patients to remain in their own homes. Patients may experience decreased hospitalization and urgent car e settingsRead MoreHistory of Mental Health by Mind8472 Words  | 34 PagesArticle from MIND better mental health Histort of mental health factsheets: You are welcome to print and photocopy this page of Minds website. Organisations are free to distribute copies to service users and colleagues, but must ensure they always use the latest version, as available on the website, at the time of distribution. 1601 The Poor Law was introduced and clearly defined the responsibility of every parish to support those who were incapable of looking after themselves. This responsibility
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Selection Of An Export Market By Ireland †MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Selection Of An Export Market By Ireland. Answer: Introduction Ireland is one of the 28 members of the European Union (EU). EU is an economic and political union which consists of 28 members located primarily in Europe. It has united all the member states through the creation of a single internal market. EU has developed a standardized system of laws common to all the members hence allowing them to trade freely. Policies developed by EU allows the involved countries free movement of capital, people, goods, and services within the internal market. The exit of the United Kingdom (UK) form the EU, had a significant economic implication to the Ireland as well as other EU members at large (Doherty et al., p. 4). Withdraw of UK from EU is commonly known as Brexit. Brexit did not only have an impact on other member countries but also in UKs economic growth. For instance, it was estimated that the UKs GDP would decrease yearly, between 1.3% to 5.5% in the short run. In the long run, it would lower the GDP between 1.2%-7.5%. Once the UK withdrew, the imp act was felt at once globally. The pound for instance, at one point depreciated by more than 10%. This was the lowest point that the pound had reached for over 30 years (Kierzenkowski et al., p. 9). Brexit caused various uncertainties in the global market, some which could have a lasting long-term effect. This paper, therefore, discusses factors and processes that an Irish based company should consider and implement in the selection of an export market. Factors for an Irish based company to consider Ireland was affected largely by the UK withdraw from the EU as compared to other members. These two countries had a close trade relationship for a long time, and, therefore, UK exist triggered a lot of structural changes which left Irelands economy so vulnerable. As such, Ireland had to reorganize itself and strategize carefully on how to choose an export market. Tax competition For successful trade relationship between countries, it is important to understand taxation rates induced on goods and services. The subject of tax competition is the most significant policy issues that surround public finance matters in various unions in the world. Different nations have been known to compete for mobile investment, and this leads to a competitive race towards the bottom in taxes (Davies and Voget, p. 5). The result of such unhealthy competition makes countries to under-provide public goods and also distort firm decisions. While the European Union provides free trade barriers for it members, they have resulted instead in the intensification of tax competition. With increased globalization, the ability of countries to sustain tax revenues is diminishing with time. When countries join EU, they are known to reduce their tax rates. However, Crumley (2004:3) believed that its not prudent for countries to cut down their tax rates while at the same time asking for aid from other countries. EU members show high tax competition as compared to non-members. When one reduces its tax rate, other respond more competitively. It is crucial, therefore, for Ireland to identify a country that has constant tax rates to avoid inconsistent fluctuations which can affect their trade relationship. Ireland enjoyed a good relationship with the UK due to their proximity. According to the weighting by distance scheme, proximate countries taxes usually have greater importance as compared to distant ones. Weighting by GDP on the other side indicates that larder countries taxes matter more as compared to smaller countries. It is also essential for Ireland to consider a vast nation since they are known to be profitable due to numerous consumers. By the fact that the consumers can be served locally, it helps them to avoid trade costs. Additionally, countries which can access other markets easily should be the best option due to their export platform capabilities. Exchange rates and costs Although EU has ensured free trade among its members, there are always issues of costs and exchange rates. Exchange rate volatility and uncertainty usually have a negative impact on trade between countries as well as on local and international trade. Well choosing an export market, it is crucial to consider the exchange rate of the country you want to trade with, for better results. Flexible exchange rates have received enormous criticism due to their volatility which leads to adverse effects on investment as well as on trade. Failure of anticipation of exchange rate movements leads to instability of exchange rate increase which in turn increases the occurrence of risks. When such issues arise, the involved parties reduce their import and export activities and therefore, the market is lost. The countries can as well turn to domestic markets where they reallocate their production. EU however, has tried to curb the issue of volatility by creating groups such as the European Monetary Un ion (EMU) and the European Monetary System (EMS). They aim at creating a system where there are no fluctuations in exchange rate or misalignment of currencies within the countries of the union. Unfortunately, they have not been able to curb the volatility of the exchange rate (Dell'Ariccia, p. 323) and thats why its crucial to put into consideration such factors while choosing an export market. The EU has tried to implement the use of a partial monetary union, but the solution was not forthcoming. Their idea was to improve trade among the members and divert from the non-members. However, the results were not significant and therefore, exchange rate volatility plays a crucial role in determining the outcome of the trade between countries. Strong market inter-linkages After UK withdraw from EU, Ireland received a great shock. UK is the 5th largest economy in the world, and it was the 2nd largest in the European Union. It had exports and imports to and from the EU amounting to 300 billion and 400 billion respectively in the year 2015. The UK has a strong inter-linkage with the European countries as well as the broader world economy. This what makes the UK be the best export market to choose. However, since UK left the EU, Ireland based companies now have to look for a country with strong ties economically to create a lasting relationship regarding trade and marketing. Ireland enjoyed a good economic relationship with the UK due to the sharing of the land border. Movement between these two countries was smooth with no trade barriers. Tariff barriers and trade barriers EU has developed policies that ensure free trade among the EU members. Therefore, trade barriers and tariff barriers have been reduced. However, if a country what to trade with the non-members, then they will face obstacles. Ireland has various trading partners, but the UK remained to be the leading trade partner. They share a land border and therefore, there was a free movement of people amongst the countries. This boosted trade and investment as well as increasing job opportunities and a market for the states. Now that the UK has decided to exit the EU, then Ireland based companies need to focus on how to grasp another export market with lesser tariff and trade barriers or even without (Egan and Guimares, P. 299). EU offers its members an advantage of free trade agreements with various third parties. If you not a member, then some tariffs govern the trade, such as the most-favored-nation (MFN) tariff. However, it is vital for Ireland companies to ensure their next trade partner doe s not impose any unnecessary trade tariffs on them. Fiscal policies How government spends can determine the growth or decline of an economy. Fiscal policy involves government expenditure and how it influences the economy. The monetary system, therefore, can affect the exchange rates in various ways through interest rate changes, income changes, and price changes. When a country takes an expansionary fiscal approach, it increases its spending through the selling of bonds thereby raising interest rates. Finding an export market which has high-interest rates would be advantageous to an Irish based company since there will be good returns for their money. On the contrary, a contractionary fiscal policy will lower the interest rates hence pushing down the exchange rates of a country. Although the EU sets standard monetary and fiscal policies for the members, budgetary decisions vary between members (Corsetti et al., p. 11). Other factors that should be put into consideration include; political stability, geographic characteristics, and cultural factors. Political stability will influence the kind of relationship that the trade partners will have as well as the geographical and cultural factors. Its therefore, crucial to choose an export market that is stable politically and shares same artistic perceptive. Processes that Irish-based company should undertake in choosing an export market Since the exit of UK from EU, the success and viability of Ireland companies now depend on how they choose and secure a new export market. It is crucial, therefore, for Irish-based firms to undertake an identification and evaluation process in the determination of a good export market. The process of foreign export identification, thus, involves five steps. That is; export plan creation, research and selection of the target market, marketing of the products and services, target market entry, and getting your products to the market (Leonidou et al., p. 59). Export plan creation The companies should first identify the target market, their goals, and objectives. Creation of an export plan is very crucial in securing an export market as it acts as a map guiding one to the destination. It indicates the course and the purpose of the operation. The export plan is also required by potential partners as well as by the investors. Market research and selection process In determining the best export market, the Irish companies need to gather information about the target market they have identified hence make a sound decision. Well-executed market research gives the companies an accurate picture concerning the political, cultural, economic, fiscal, and monetary policies of the target export market. Market research helps one understand how the target market operates hence save time and resources as well as avoiding the occurrence of possible risks (Kumar et al., p. 35). During this process also, companies should perform preliminary screening, in-depth screening and perform the final selection. Marketing of products and services and entry into the target market Once they have performed extensive research, they can now market their goods and services and establish a lasting relationship. The companies now need to make their products known to the target market and determine the manner in which the trade will be carried out. Once you have identified your target export market and familiarized with the environment of the market, then the company is ready to enter the market and start the trading process (Hart et al., p.11). It is essential, however, to consider markets that will have a good investment return for your goods and services. Conclusion Ireland for quite some time has enjoyed the advantage of being in the EU. The EU has developed policies that creates a single internal market for it members. As such, Ireland and UK because they share a common land border, for a long time they have been trading partners. It is estimated that Irish exports more than 16% of its goods and services to the UK and therefore remains its biggest external market. Now that UK has withdrawn from the EU, Irish based companies have to search for another export market that will provide an excellent lasting trade relationship as they did with UK. In choosing an external export market, however, the companies have to put various factors into consideration to be able to secure a stable market. Such factors include; taxation rates, costs and exchange rates, monetary and fiscal policies, tariff barriers, and social-economic factors. Although the EU is concerned in removing all the barriers in member states, some policies within the individual states var y hence need for critical analyzation before choosing the target market. Selecting a country with strong market inter-linkages offers one an opportunity to establish a long-term relationship. It is also important for Irish based companies to undertake a critical evaluation process before settling on an export market. Extensive research on the target market is crucial in gathering all the necessary information hence make an informed decision. References Corsetti, G., Dedola, L., Jarocinski, M., Ma?kowiak, B. and Schmidt, S., 2016. Macroeconomic stabilization, monetary-fiscal interactions, and Europe's monetary union. pp.1-26. Crumley, B., 2004. President Sarkozy? Time, October 3, 2004. Davies, R.B. and Voget, J., 2008. Tax competition in an expanding European Union. pp.1-38. Dell'Ariccia, G., 1999. Exchange rate fluctuations and trade flows: Evidence from the European Union. IMF Staff papers, 46(3), pp.315-334. Doherty, B., Temple Lang, J., McCrudden, C., McGowan, L., Phinnemore, D. and Schiek, D., 2017. Northern Ireland and Brexit: The European Economic Area Option. pp.1-7. Egan, M. and Guimares, M.H., 2017. The Single Market: Trade Barriers and Trade Remedies. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(2), pp.294-311. Hart, S.J., Webb, J.R. and Jones, M.V., 1994. Export marketing research and the effect of export experience in industrial SMEs. International Marketing Review, 11(6), pp.4-22. Kierzenkowski, R., Pain, N., Rusticelli, E. and Zwart, S., 2016. The Economic Consequences of Brexit. pp.1-21. Kumar, V., Stam, A. and Joachimsthaler, E.A., 1994. An interactive multicriteria approach to identifying potential foreign markets. Journal of International Marketing, pp.29-52. Leonidou, L.C., Katsikeas, C.S. and Samiee, S., 2002. Marketing strategy determinants of export performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Business research, 55(1), pp.51-67.
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